{"id":2866,"date":"2024-10-31T22:32:05","date_gmt":"2024-10-31T22:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/london1.one\/?p=2866"},"modified":"2024-10-31T22:32:07","modified_gmt":"2024-10-31T22:32:07","slug":"story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866","title":{"rendered":"Story of a scientist who changed science"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Sir William Crookes is remembered in the scientific community as a prominent British chemist and physicist. Learn more at <a href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\">london1.one<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William invented the Crookes tube, which fundamentally changed science. He also created the lens for sunglasses with absolute protection against ultraviolet rays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His whole life was closely connected with science and was characterised by incredible diligence and high intelligence. The originality of his works made him an excellent and recognised scientific experimenter.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a342fcbe4f63\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a342fcbe4f63\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866\/#Beginning_of_the_story\" >Beginning of the story<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866\/#Scientific_interests\" >Scientific interests<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866\/#Successful_experiments\" >Successful experiments<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866\/#Important_work\" >Important work<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866\/#Discoverer\" >Discoverer<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/eternal\/story-of-a-scientist-who-changed-science-2866\/#Discovery_that_changed_science\" >Discovery that changed science<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Beginning_of_the_story\"><\/span>Beginning of the story<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>William Crookes was born in London in 1832.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When William turned 16 in 1848, he became a student at the Royal College of Chemistry. There, he studied organic chemistry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the end of the first year, William managed to win an Ashburton scholarship and covered his further education with that money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Later, William began to assist August Wilhelm von Hofmann. In the autumn of 1851, he was promoted to senior assistant and held the position until 1854.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Scientific_interests\"><\/span>Scientific interests<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Crookes had a deep respect for Hofman, but he didn\u2019t share the latter&#8217;s main interest in organic chemistry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William was very interested in optics and photography. Therefore, he conducted a lot of research in these areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Later, he became interested in studying the compounds of selenium. It was the subject of his debut scientific articles published in 1851. In 1855, Crookes was appointed a lecturer at the Chester Diocesan College.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1859, William Crookes founded the scientific publication <em>Chemical News<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Successful_experiments\"><\/span>Successful experiments<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Crookes was an incredibly talented scientific experimenter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His first important discovery was thallium. It was made using flame spectroscopy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The scientist named the new element, distinguished by a bright green emission line of the spectrum, thallium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Important_work\"><\/span>Important work<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>William is also the developer of the Crookes tube. This invention was made thanks to the research of cathode rays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Subsequently, the scientist published articles describing spectroscopy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William discovered an interesting fact while conducting research on the conduction of electrical energy in low-pressure gas. When the pressure level decreases, a negative electrode emits a bright light, the cathode rays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Discoverer\"><\/span>Discoverer<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>William was one of the first to design and use vacuum tubes. They helped him study physical phenomena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks to this, he managed to study plasma, the fourth state of matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, Crookes is the inventor of the spinthariscope. This is a device for studying nuclear radioactivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Discovery_that_changed_science\"><\/span>Discovery that changed science<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Thanks to his numerous studies of the cathode rays\u2019 properties, William managed to prove that they were distinguished by rectilinear propagation. In addition, when interacting with certain substances, these rays cause fluorescence, which, in turn, leads to the generation of a large amount of heat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He also managed to discover the fourth state of matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William believed each ray to be a stream of particles of ordinary molecular magnitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Crookes&#8217; experimental work underlies many other scientific breakthroughs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Photo source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wikipedia.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wikipedia<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sir William Crookes is remembered in the scientific community as a prominent British chemist and physicist. Learn more at london1.one. William invented the Crookes tube, which fundamentally changed science. He also created the lens for sunglasses with absolute protection against ultraviolet rays. His whole life was closely connected with science and was characterised by incredible [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":323,"featured_media":1843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1166],"tags":[2382,2378,2376,2375,2383,2379,2377,2380,2374,2381],"moimportance":[78,81],"motype":[1158],"moformat":[83],"class_list":{"0":"post-2866","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-education","8":"tag-atomic-physics-contributions","9":"tag-cathode-rays-discovery","10":"tag-crookes-radiometer","11":"tag-crookes-tube-invention","12":"tag-legacy-of-william-crookes","13":"tag-pioneer-in-chemistry","14":"tag-scientific-achievements-crookes","15":"tag-sir-william-crookes","16":"tag-spiritualism-and-science","17":"tag-victorian-era-scientist","18":"moimportance-golovna-novina","19":"moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatori","20":"motype-eternal","21":"moformat-vlasna"},"modified_by":"Inna Hananova","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2866","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/323"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2866"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2866\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2867,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2866\/revisions\/2867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2866"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2866"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2866"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=2866"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=2866"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/london1.one\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=2866"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}